Thursday 23rd of February 2012 07:38:21 AM

CSS Style Guide

 

This Style Guide explains the markup and design requirements for web projects, along with various standards and best practices.

projects authored in valid XHTML 1.0 Transitional and styled with valid Cascading Style Sheets will be described here. See the XHTML and CSS sections below for details. Additional sections of this Style Guide, coming soon, will provide information on writing for the web, naming and filing your documents, and other useful topics and guidelines.

XHTML: Guidelines & Benefits

Library projects must be authored in structural XHTML 1.0 Transitional. Page authors should follow accessibility guidelines in compliance with U.S. Law, and so that our site’s content will be made available to the widest possible number of people, browsers, and Internet devices. In addition, all XHTML must validate.

XHTML Guidelines
The rules of XHTML as compared to HTML—an easy transition
What is XML?
A brief introduction to the foundation of XHTML
XHTML Benefits
Four key benefits of converting from HTML to XHTML
XHTML Authoring Tips & Tools
Simplifying the work process—includes tips on thinking structurally, and tools for hand-coders and Dreamweaver users
XHTML Accessibility Tips
Making sure your pages can be read by all visitors, browsers, and devices
P.wide {margin-left: 10px; width: auto; margin-right: -50px; border: 1px solid gray;}
Figure 8-19

Figure 8-19. Wider children through negative margins

Yes, the child element is wider than its parent! This is mathematically correct: 10 + + + 450 + + - 50 = 400. Even though this leads to a child element sticking out of its parent, technically the specification

XHTML Validation
Ensuring interoperability by avoiding errors and sticking to standards

CSS: Style Sheets & Tips

Library projects must use valid Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to control typography, color, and other layout elements. Style Sheets must be linked in a way that accommodates the capabilities of new and old browsers.

CSS Guidelines
Tips on authoring and linking to Style Sheets
Steal These Style Sheets!
Style Sheets for your use in Library projects
CSS Validation
Ensuring that your Style Sheets are error-free (same as XHTML validation)

A number of valid Style Sheets have been provided for your use. If you wish to create your own Style Sheets, please discuss your requirements with the Branch Library’s Web Coordinator.

link popularity
about how margins apply to block-level elements like paragraphs and headers. Margins can also be applied to inline elements, although the effects are a little different.

Let's say that you want to set top and bottom margins on boldfaced text. You declare: 

B {margin-top: 25px; margin-bottom: 50px;}

This is allowed in the specification, but it will have absolutely no effect on the line height, and since margins are effectively

Before we get there, however, there are a few more things to cover. Remember that absolutely positioned boxes can have backgrounds, margins, borders, and padding; styles can be applied within them, just as with any other element. This can make them very useful for the creation of sidebars, "sticky notes," and other such effects. One example is the ability to set a "change marker" on any paragraph that has been edited. This could be done using the following styles and markup:

DTDs are a simple way to make sure that 2 or more XML documents are of the same "type". Its a very limited approach to making "typed" XML documents shareable across systems. In the future some kind of schema system will be proposed by the W3C that should allow typing, instantiation and inheritance of information (in XML).

XML enables interoperability

All of the advantages of XML outlined so far all make interoperability possible. This is one of the most important requirements for XML, to enable disparate systems to be able to share information easily.

By taking the lowest common denominator approach, by being web enabled, protocol independent, network independent, platform independent and extensible, XML makes it possible for new systems and old systems (that are all different) to communicate with each other. Encoding information in plain text with tags is better than using propietary and platform dependent binary formats.

Vision

11.2.11. Serving CSS Up Correctly

Finally, a problem related to, but not exactly about, CSS. Some authors have reported trouble with getting their web hosts to correctly serve up external style sheets. Apparently, with some web servers, the file extension .css is mapped to the MIME type